Palabras clave
menopausia
obesidad
mujeres
glucemia
dislipidemias
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico e identificar los factores asociados en mujeres en menopausia.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron 627 mujeres de 40 años o más, con diagnóstico de menopausia y sin uso de terapia hormonal, residentes en el departamento del Quindío (Colombia), entre 2013 y 2023. El síndrome metabólico se definió según los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y bivariado; se estimaron medidas de asociación mediante odds ratios (OR) con intervalos de confianza del 95 %.
Resultados: la edad promedio de las participantes fue de 57 ± 8,64 años, y la edad media de inicio de la menopausia fue de 49 ± 3,52 años. La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue del 74,16 % (IC 95?%: 70,73–77,59). Se observaron asociaciones significativas entre la presencia de síndrome metabólico y la obesidad (ORa: 9,00; IC 95 %: 5,00–16,00), la historia de diabetes gestacional (ORa: 5,50; IC 95 %: 2,50–12,00) y el consumo de alcohol (ORa: 4,50; IC 95 %: 2,80–7,20); mientras que el nivel educativo (ORa: 0,45; IC 95 %: 0,25–0,82) y la adherencia a una dieta saludable (ORa: 0,60; IC 95 %: 0,40–0,90) mostraron una asociación inversa.
Conclusiones: la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en mujeres posmenopáusicas fue elevada. Se identificaron múltiples factores asociados, incluyendo el consumo de alcohol, el tabaquismo y el antecedente de diabetes gestacional, mientras que el nivel educativo y la dieta saludable mostraron una asociación inversa. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de intervenciones integrales orientadas a la prevención cardiovascular, aunque se requieren estudios analíticos que permitan establecer relaciones causales.
Citas
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