Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2
Validation (Spanish)
Internal validity
Alpha coefficient
Inertia
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with substantial global public health implications, characterized by rising prevalence and mortality rates, particularly in Latin America. Despite advancements in treatment, fewer than one-third of individuals with T2DM achieve a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level below 7%. Medication adherence is a key contributor to poor glycemic outcomes, highlighting the need for strategies that enhance adherence to diabetes therapy.
Purpose: To determine the reliability of Spanish validated questionnaires measuring therapeutic adherence in patients with T2DM.
Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases, following the PRISMA guidelines, and including studies published up to January 2024. Studies presenting questionnaires validated in Spanish with measures of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) were selected.
Results: Eight questionnaires validated in Spanish were identified, ranging from 8 to 30 items in length, with study sample sizes varying between 40 and 500 patients. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was high for the MBG (Martín-Bayarre-Grau Questionnaire), the ARMS-e (Adherence to Refill and Medication Scale–Spanish version), and the EATDM-III (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Adherence Scale, Version III), moderate for the ATTA (Attitude Toward Treatment Adherence), and low or unacceptable for the MMAS-8 (8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale), the AFCP (Principal Component Factor Analysis), the SMP-T2D (Self-Management Profile for Type 2 Diabetes), and the BMQ-e (Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire–Spanish version). The majority of the questionnaires were validated in Spain, Mexico, or Cuba.
Conclusions: The reliability of adherence questionnaires varied significantly. MBG, ARMS-e, and EATDM-III demonstrate acceptable internal consistency and are suitable options for measuring and monitoring adherence.
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